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11.
This review offers a critical analysis of John Ogbu’s Black American Students in an Affluent Suburb: A study of academic disengagement. In his study, Ogbu explains the Black-White achievement gap as one born from the cultural attitudes held by Black middle-class
students toward academics. Despite Ogbu's intent to further the scholarly discussion on this issue, the study falls short
and is itself replete with limitations. Ogbu’s utilization of a deficit-oriented modality and an unsound methodology, coupled
with his failure to critically analyze the interplay of identity formation, culture, and history, together severely restrict
the study’s scope and utility.
* This paper is a revised version of article (Doi:) which appeared online July 7, 2006.
Ogbu, J. Black American Students in an Affluent Suburb: A study of academic disengagement (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: New Jersey, 2003).
Eddie Comeaux is a Lecturer/Postdoctoral Study in Graduate School of Education and Information Studies at University of California,
Los Angeles, USA. Eddie Comeaux examines comparative race/ethnic, marginality, gender, and class relations with an emphasis
on access and learning opportunities for underrepresented minorities and student athletes in education. Uma M. Jayakumar is
a Doctoral Candidate in Graduate School of Education and Information Studies at University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Her research interests include: issues of access and retention for graduate students and faculty of color, educational outcomes
of racial diversity, organizational culture and campus racial climate, transformative resistance, service-learning, and higher
education for the public good. 相似文献
12.
Case files of 424 residents at an emergency treatment center for abused and neglected children were used to generate a beginning set of variables which, in combination, predicted whether or not children from the center would be discharged to their natural family environment. Variables with descending order of predictive significance were place from which the child was admitted, the length of time spent in treatment, the age and the race of the child, Other variables--the number of siblings, the child's sex and the presence of physical/sexual abuse--did not approach significance. 相似文献
13.
Adriana J. Uma?a‐Taylor Stephen M. Quintana Richard M. Lee William E. Cross Jr. Deborah Rivas‐Drake Seth J. Schwartz Moin Syed Tiffany Yip Eleanor Seaton Ethnic Racial Identity in the st Century Study Group 《Child development》2014,85(1):21-39
Although ethnic and racial identity (ERI) are central to the normative development of youth of color, there have been few efforts to bring scholars together to discuss the theoretical complexities of these constructs and provide a synthesis of existing work. The Ethnic and Racial Identity in the 21st Century Study Group was assembled for this purpose. This article provides an overview of the interface of ERI with developmental and contextual issues across development, with an emphasis on adolescence and young adulthood. It proposes a metaconstruct to capture experiences that reflect both individuals’ ethnic background and their racialized experiences in a specific sociohistorical context. Finally, it presents milestones in the development of ERI across developmental periods. 相似文献
14.
Uma Khumairoh Egbert A. Lantinga Didik Suprayogo Rogier P. O. Schulte Jeroen C. J. Groot 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2019,25(3):227-243
Purpose: Complex rice systems (CRSs) are polycultures of plants and animals that enhance ecological processes contributing to sustainable and profitable farming systems. However, the contextual management complexity can hamper adoption, despite the large long-term benefits that CRSs offer. This paper aimed to provide a method that encourages active farmer involvement and integrates farmer’s feedback to deliver timely adaptations to CRS management.
Design/methodology/approach: FFSs that are commonly used in guiding rural development processes involve a long process of preparation, weekly meetings and dissemination of new technologies with a greater knowledge flows from researchers or institutions to farmers than contrariwise. We have simplified FFS components and modified its curriculum focusing on extracting and integrating farmers’ feedback into adaptation measures. Surveys were conducted and their results were validated through focus group discussions, which provided an adequate database to simplify the steps in the FFS approach.
Findings: Only four meetings for agroecosystems analysis that emphasised an analytical and reflective learning cycle generated suitable adaptation measures selected from farmers’ feedback. Repetition of the shortened FFS over several rice cropping cycles proved more effective than the frequent meetings within one cropping cycle.
Practical implications: The modified FFS could be considered as a promising approach to training farmers, whilst simultaneously identifying and discovering adaptations of agricultural innovations and monitoring the evolution of complex polycultures like CRSs, under diverse conditions.
Theoretical implications: The modified FFS provides participants additional time to reflect on the training topics, resulting in a significant improvement in their knowledge and the performance of the CRS.
Originality/value: The modified FFS approach is focused on reflexive learning cycles and adaptation of innovations. Therefore, it is highly suitable for management of complex polycultures such as CRSs. 相似文献
15.
Three different sets of primers were designed using FASTA homology search and PRIMERSELECT for the specific detection ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These primers amplified the highly conserved regions of genes for Open Reading Frame
(ORF), Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) and 23S rRNA sequences ofN. gonorrhoeae. Each of the PCR primer set was evaluated using the DNA samples isolated from eight different positive isolates ofN. gonorrhoeae cultured from urethral swabs of patients visiting Maulana Azad Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital. Amplification products
were analyzed on agarose gel electrophoresis. Two sets of PCR primers, designated as Ngu1/Ngu2 and Ngu5/Ngu6, specific for
ORF and OMP gene respectively, amplified four regions of the gene which may help to differentiate the various strains ofN. gonorrhoeae infecting indigenous population. In contrast, a single, specific PCR product of 650 bp was visualized on agarose gel with
primers Ngu3/Ngu4, amplifying the 23S rRNA gene. Under optimum conditions, as low as 25ng of DNA isolated from eight different
clinical strains ofN. gonorrhoeae could be detected by PCR using Ngu3/Ngu4 set of primers. Our results suggested that Ngu3/Ngu4 could serve as good primers
for the specific, reproducible and sensitive diagnosis ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical samples. 相似文献
16.
With increasing numbers of women joining the evening/nighttime workforce, there is a need for quality childcare during these hours. This project, conducted in Japan, sought to compare the effects of child day care, child evening care, and child night care on the development and adaptation of young children. Caregivers completed a survey on the childrearing environment at home, their feelings of self-efficacy, and the presence of support for childcare. Childcare professionals evaluated the development of children. The results of the discriminant analysis indicate that factors in the home environment, not type of center-based care, explained developmental variance. 相似文献
17.
KA Updegraff AJ Umaña-Taylor SM McHale LA Wheeler NJ Perez-Brena 《Child development》2012,83(5):1655-1671
Drawing from developmental and cultural adaptation perspectives and using a longitudinal design, this study examined: (a) mean‐level changes in Mexican‐origin adolescents’ cultural orientations and adjustment from early to late adolescence and (b) bidirectional associations between cultural orientations and adjustment using a cross‐lag panel model. Participants included 246 Mexican‐origin, predominantly immigrant families that participated in home interviews and a series of nightly phone calls when target adolescents were 12 and 18 years of age. Girls exhibited more pronounced declines in traditional gender role attitudes than did boys, and all youth declined in familism values, time spent with family, and involvement in Mexican culture. Bidirectional relations between cultural orientations and adjustment emerged, and some associations were moderated by adolescent nativity and gender. 相似文献
18.
Fara Azmat Angela Osborne Karen Le Rossignol Uma Jogulu Ruth Rentschler Ian Robottom 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2013,33(1):97-111
The aspirations and expectations of the growing international student cohort in Australia are implicitly incorporated into recruitment and internationalization strategies but have received little academic analysis. To address this gap in the literature, this paper develops a conceptual model built upon earlier research by Tim Mazzarol and Geoffrey Soutar, which focuses on the push and pull factors relating to home country and country of destination, respectively, in relation to students' decisions to seek international study. Focusing predominantly on Chinese and Indian students, we conceptualise, extend and place the push and pull factors within a social psychological framework in relation to students' aspirations and expectations of international education, indicating factors that can be influenced by higher education (HE) institutions and their programmes, and those which cannot. We then interrogate the model and its applicability in Australian HE through the case study of an Indian international Study Tour conducted in our Australian HE institution in 2009. In the present context of decreased international student enrolments in Australia in 2010, where we seek to better understand our international students, the proposed model provides a basis for identifying international students' expectations and aspirations and developing prospective international relations. 相似文献
19.
Deborah Rivas‐Drake Eleanor K. Seaton Carol Markstrom Stephen Quintana Moin Syed Richard M. Lee Seth J. Schwartz Adriana J. Uma?a‐Taylor Sabine French Tiffany Yip Ethnic Racial Identity in the st Century Study Group 《Child development》2014,85(1):40-57
The construction of an ethnic or racial identity is considered an important developmental milestone for youth of color. This review summarizes research on links between ethnic and racial identity (ERI) with psychosocial, academic, and health risk outcomes among ethnic minority adolescents. With notable exceptions, aspects of ERI are generally associated with adaptive outcomes. ERI are generally beneficial for African American adolescents' adjustment across all three domains, whereas the evidence is somewhat mixed for Latino and American Indian youth. There is a dearth of research for academic and health risk outcomes among Asian American and Pacific Islander adolescents. The review concludes with suggestions for future research on ERI among minority youth. 相似文献
20.
Deborah Rivas‐Drake Moin Syed Adriana Uma?a‐Taylor Carol Markstrom Sabine French Seth J. Schwartz Richard Lee Ethnic Racial Identity in the st Century Study Group 《Child development》2014,85(1):77-102
One point of intersection in ethnic and racial identity research is the conceptual attention paid to how positively youth feel about their ethnicity or race, or positive ethnic–racial affect. This article reports results of a series of meta‐analyses based on 46 studies of this dimension and psychosocial, academic, and health risk outcomes among ethnic and racial minority youth. The overall pattern of results suggests that positive ethnic–racial affect exhibited small to medium associations (r range = |.11| to |.37|) with depressive symptoms, positive social functioning, self‐esteem, well‐being, internalizing, externalizing, academic achievement, academic attitudes, and health risk outcomes. Implications for theory and research about the role of positive ethnic–racial affect among youth growing up in an increasingly diverse society are discussed. 相似文献